Subordinate clauses: kes, mida, kuigi, kuni

Relative pronouns: kes (a person as subject) — mees, kes elab siin; mis (a thing as subject) — raamat, mis on laual; mida / mille — by the object’s case; kelle — “whose”.

The verb of the clause decides the case: loen raamatut → raamat, mida ma loen. Usaldan teda → inimene, keda ma usaldan.

Conjunctions: et (that, in order to), sest (because), kuigi (although), kuni (until), kas (“whether”), kui (“if”, “when”).